元宇宙作为一种快速发展的社会技术现象,通过利用区块链、智能合约和非同质化代币 (NFT)等Web3(又名Web 3.0)技术,在不同领域展现出巨大潜力。我们的调查旨在从以人为本的角度全面概述Web3元宇宙。
我们系统回顾了过去30年中元宇宙在工业(数据来自道琼斯Factiva数据库)和学术(数据来自谷歌学术网站)方面的发展进程,揭示了其核心组成部分:Web3社区、沉浸式融合社区和众智社区对其发展的同等贡献。
我们的调查还发现,尽管公众常将Facebook在2021年更名为Meta以及对VR产品的推广视为元宇宙发展的关键事件,但来自Web3社区的力量推动了元宇宙在2018年后得快速增长。同时,由于Web3社区的加入,元宇宙产业的发展在全球范围内变得更加多元。
对元宇宙的认知的演变表明,此概念已经超越了单纯的虚拟游戏的边界。其本质不在于利用VR或AR技术来“观看”虚拟世界,而在于我们如何在这个平行社会中交流、工作和参与,强调了一种不同形式的沉浸感,即社交沉浸。
因此,我们强调Web3技术的去中心化特征在元宇宙中的重要性,并将Web3元宇宙定义为:
一个去中心化的闭环社会系统,利用Web3技术进行分配和交换,赋予了用户对其数字资产、体验和关系更大的自主权和控制权。该系统通过将Web3技术与生产端的内容创作技术和消费端的沉浸式技术相结合,促进了社会发展。
在定义了Web3元宇宙后,我们提供了一个框架以揭示元宇宙如何通过整合三个社区而演变为Web3元宇宙。不同社区之间的合作互动放大了元宇宙的概念范围,培育了更丰富的生态系统,产生了包括:“社交沉浸”、“创造者经济”和“多模态创造”等全新领域的多维结构。对此,我们详细描述了其概念和动态。基于该框架,我们从身份、场域和行为三个方面调研了Web3元宇宙的最新发展,并提供了补充性技术调查。
这项工作代表了对Web3元宇宙的首批系统性、跨学科调查。具体来说,我们首先讨论利用个人资料图片(PFP)NFT、域名NFT和灵魂绑定代币(SBT)等机制建立去中心化身份(DID)的潜力。随后,我们研究了Web3元宇宙中的土地、公用事业和装备NFT,重点介绍了针对现有集中化挑战的可互操作和完全上链(full on-chain)元宇宙的解决方案。最后,我们重点关注了Web3元宇宙中个人、群体内和群体间行为的最新研究和实践,例如知识共享零许可(CC0)NFT、去中心化教育、去中心化科学(DeSci)和去中心化自治组织(DAO)等。此外,我们分享了对几个值得进一步探究的方向的见解,涵盖了Web3元宇宙后续发展中必须考虑的三个关键社会-技术议题:整合跨学科洞见、利用并超越“代码就是法律” (code is law)以及解决垄断问题。
全文阅读:
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3630258
引用本论文:
Hongzhou Chen, Haihan Duan, Maha Abdallah, Yufeng Zhu, Yonggang Wen, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, and Wei Cai*, “Web3 Metaverse: State-of-the-Art and Vision”, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications, 2023.
@article{10.1145/3630258,
author = {Chen, Hongzhou and Duan, Haihan and Abdallah, Maha and Zhu, Yufeng and Wen, Yonggang and Saddik, Abdulmotaleb El and Cai, Wei},
title = {Web3 Metaverse: State-of-the-Art and Vision},
year = {2023},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
issn = {1551-6857},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3630258},
doi = {10.1145/3630258},
abstract = {The metaverse, as a rapidly evolving socio-technical phenomenon, exhibits significant potential across diverse domains by leveraging Web3 (a.k.a. Web 3.0) technologies such as blockchain, smart contracts, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Web3 metaverse from a human-centered perspective. We (i) systematically review the development of the metaverse over the past 30 years, highlighting the balanced contributions from its core components: Web3, immersive convergence, and crowd intelligence communities, (ii) define the metaverse that integrates the Web3 community as the Web3 metaverse and propose an analysis framework from the community, society, and human layers to describe the features, missions, and relationships for each community and their overlapping sections, (iii) survey the state-of-the-art of the Web3 metaverse from a human-centered perspective, namely the identity, field, and behavior aspects, and (iv) provide supplementary technical reviews. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first systematic, interdisciplinary survey on the Web3 metaverse. Specifically, we commence by discussing the potential for establishing decentralized identities (DID) utilizing mechanisms such as profile picture (PFP) NFTs, domain name NFTs, and soulbound tokens (SBTs). Subsequently, we examine land, utility, and equipment NFTs within the Web3 metaverse, highlighting interoperable and full on-chain solutions for existing centralization challenges. Lastly, we spotlight current research and practices about individual, intra-group, and inter-group behaviors within the Web3 metaverse, such as Creative Commons Zero license (CC0) NFTs, decentralized education, decentralized science (DeSci), and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). Furthermore, we share our insights into several promising directions, encompassing three key socio-technical facets of Web3 metaverse development.},
note = {Just Accepted},
journal = {ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl.},
month = {oct},
keywords = {Web3, Definition and Framework, Human-centered, Survey, Metaverse}
}